(I owe Kenny Harris big for this one.)
I love marmalade, but I love it in phases: I’ll go for months without being the right mood for it, and then BAM I’ll have a late-evening craving for a slice of toast, dripping in butter and smothered in Chivers Olde English. Until last year, I’d go to the cupboard, grab the aged jar from behind the little-used condiments, only to have my desires thwarted by layers of semi-sentient fungus.
Fortunately, there is a very simple way of making your marmalade last longer: don’t let it come into contact with any oily substance, i.e. butter (or margarine). I have no idea why this works; I’m just delighted it does. Use a separate knife or spoon to extract your marmalade instead of the one you buttered your toast with, and your marmalade will stay mould-free for months.
I don’t know if this works the same for jam. Jam doesn’t last long enough in our household to provide an adequate experimental baseline.
Alas no substance lasts long enough in our house to test this…
My guess: I think the oil in butter/margarine provides food that’s palatable for micro-organisms, and provides a base for them to grow. Once that happens, mould can form (since spores are absolutely ever-present), and it builds up as old mould dies and provides more substrate. Things like honey and marmalade (at least the marmalade that I make) contains so much sugar that it’s more or less unpalatable.
Could it be anything to do with the fact that the marmalade is fairly sterile, and using a clean knife doesn’t introduce any (many) foreign bodies into it, but a knife wiped with butter/toast/etc does, thereby causing growth?
Just wondering….
No. There are spores absolutely everywhere, so opening a jar of marmalade will let them in. I think this is explained by osmosis. The marmalade is hydrophilic, ie, it sucks in moisture. Spores come into contact with the marmalade, and you end up with a mucous membrane with hydrophilic marmalade on one side, and moist cell contents on the other. Water moves across the membrane, and the spores die.